Towards ‘employability 3.0’: from practice to praxis

Authors

  • Constantine Manolchev University of Exeter
  • Allen Alexander University of Exeter
  • Ruth Cherrington University of Exeter

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi24.874

Keywords:

employability, community of practice, connectedness, organisational learning, praxis

Abstract

In addition to higher learning, universities are expected to also ‘do’ employability and help students transition from education to employment. Accordingly, a wide range of approaches have emerged and we, as academics, dedicate substantial efforts to designing and implementing attractive employability offerings for our degree programmes.

We spend considerably less time (and have considerably less time to spend) on reflecting whether these provisions are truly transformational. Brazilian philosopher and educator, Paulo Freire, argued that this transformation can only be achieved through praxis. As the combination of action and reflection into an act of radical agency, praxis is authentic being at both the individual and social level. Praxis is the self-determined creation of one’s own future, while accepting accountability to fellow human beings.

In this opinion piece we contend that praxis should be placed at the heart of employability of the future – employability 3.0. We propose that employability 3.0 should incorporate but go beyond current best practices such as cross-curriculum ‘connectedness’ and the ‘embeddedness’ of community of practice learning. It should be a programme of active learning and reflection, which enables students to rewrite their futures by improving their wellbeing, employment prospects and place in society.

Author Biographies

Constantine Manolchev, University of Exeter

Constantine Manolchev is a Senior Lecturer and programme director for the BSc Business at the University of Exeter Business School. He researches worker experiences and critical pedagogy practice.

Allen Alexander, University of Exeter

Allen Alexander is a senior researcher at the University of Exeter Business School, investigating the role that innovation and knowledge-based capabilities play in enabling a transition toward the Circular Economy (CE). A Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, Allen currently leads modules on Social & Technological Innovation and Project Management.

Ruth Cherrington, University of Exeter

Ruth Cherrington is at the University of Exeter Business School and works across several research projects supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) that address the intersecting topics of innovation, circular economy, and skills development. Her research focuses on the relationship between resources, business, and the environment.

References

Artess, J., Mellors-Bourne, R. and Hooley, T. (2017) Employability: A review of the literature 2012-2016. Available at: https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/employability-review-literature-2012-2016 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Bridgstock, R. (2020) Graduate employability 2.0: enhancing the connectedness of learners, programs and higher education institutions. Australian Government Department of Education, Skills and Employment. Available at: https://ltr.edu.au/resources/FS15-0241_Bridgstock_Report_2020.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Brown, JS. and Duguid, P. (1991) ‘Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: toward a unified view of working, learning and innovation’, Organization Science, 2(1): pp.40–57. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1287/ORSC.2.1.40 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Cook, S. D. and Yanow, D. (1993) ‘Culture and organizational learning’, Journal of management inquiry, 2(4), pp.373-390. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/105649269324010 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Dalrymple, R., Macrae, A., Pal, M. and Shipman, S. (2021) Employability: a review of the literature 2016-2021. Advance HE. Available at: https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/employability-review-literature-2016-2021 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

De Castro, L.S.V. (2015) Critical pedagogy and Marx, Vygotsky and Freire: Phenomenal forms and educational action research. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Department for Education (DfE) (2021) Employability programmes and work placements in UK HE. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1035200/employability_programmes_and_work_placements_in_UK_HE.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Easterby‐Smith, M., Crossan, M. and Nicolini, D. (2002) ‘Organizational learning: debates past, present and future’, Journal of management studies, 37(6), pp.783-796. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00203 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Elkjaer, B. (2004) ‘Organizational learning: the ‘third way’’, Management learning, 35(4), pp.419-434. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507604048271 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Farenga, S. and Quinlan, K. (2016) ‘Classifying university employability strategies: three case studies and implications for practice and research’, Journal of Education and Work, 29(7): pp.767-787. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2015.1064517 (Accessed 28 July 2022).

Freire, P. (1972) Pedagogy of the oppressed. London: Penguin.

Fung, D. (2017) A connected curriculum for higher education. UCL Press. Available at: https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1558776/1/A-Connected-Curriculum-for-Higher-Education.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Gadotti, M. (1996) Pedagogy of praxis: a dialectical philosophy of education. New York: SUNY Press.

Giroux, H.A. (2010) ‘Rethinking education as the practice of freedom: Paulo Freire and the promise of critical pedagogy’, Policy Futures in Education, 8(6), pp.715-721. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/pfie.2010.8.6.715 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Glass, R.D. (2001) ‘On Paulo Freire’s philosophy of praxis and the foundations of liberation education’, Educational Researcher, 30(2), pp.15-25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3102%2F0013189X030002015 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Hall, R. (2019) ‘On authoritarian neoliberalism and poetic epistemology’, Social Epistemology, 33(4): pp.298-308. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2019.1638985 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Hong, J.F.L., Easterby‐Smith, M. and Snell, R.S. (2006) ‘Transferring organizational learning systems to Japanese subsidiaries in China’, Journal of Management Studies, 43(5), pp.1027-1058. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00628.x (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Hatmaker, D.M., Park, H.H. and Rethemeyer, R.K. (2011) ‘Learning the ropes: communities of practice and social networks in the public sector, International Public Management Journal, 14(4), pp.395-419. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2011.656051 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Keenan, C. and Manolchev, C. (2021) ‘‘Hacking’ the pandemic: turning online work challenges into learning with IMPACT’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (22). Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi22.784 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Kozhevnikov, A. (2021 ‘Career capital in global versus second-order cities: skilled migrants in London and Newcastle’, Human Relations, 74(5), pp.705-728. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0018726720952857 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Luckett, K. and Naicker, V. (2016) ‘Responding to misrecognition from a (post)/colonial university’, Critical Studies in Education, 60(2): pp.187-204. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2016.1234495 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Mäkinen, E.I. (2021) ‘Power and knowledge negotiations in a collectivity of practice: From peripheralization to epistemological suspicion’, Management Learning, 53(3), pp. 502-524. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13505076211036970 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Menon, M.E., Argyropoulou, E. and Stylianou, A. (2018) ‘Managing the link between higher education and the labour market: perceptions of graduates in Greece and Cyprus’, Tertiary Education and Management, 24(4): pp.298-310. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2018.1444195 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Morrison, A. (2020) ‘Social justice in a market order: graduate employment and social mobility in the UK’, Critical Studies in Education, 61(5): pp.611-626. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2018.1553794 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Norton, S. and Dalrymple, R. (eds.) (2020) Enhancing graduate employability: a case study compendium, Advance HE. Available at: https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager/documents/advance-he/AdvHE_Case%20study%20compendium_1580461724.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Rees, S. (2021) ‘Re-imagining employability: an ontology of employability best practice in higher education institutions’, Teaching in Higher Education, 26(5): pp.663-678. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2019.1670637 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Scott, F.J. and Willison, D. (2021) ‘Students’ reflections on an employability skills provision’, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(8), pp.1118-1133. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1928025 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Smith, M.K. (2011) What is praxis? In The encyclopaedia of informal education. Available at: https://infed.org/mobi/what-is-praxis/ (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Tholen, G. (2015) ‘What can research into graduate employability tell us about agency and structure?’, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36(5): pp.766-784. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2013.847782 (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

UCAS (2020) Four reasons why you should do a placement year. Available at: https://www.ucas.com/connect/blogs/four-reasons-why-you-should-do-placement-year (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

UN Environment programme (2019) Seagrass: the secret weapon in the fight against global heating. Available at: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/seagrass-secret-weapon-fight-against-global-heating (Accessed: 28 July 2022).

Downloads

Published

08-09-2022

How to Cite

Manolchev, C., Alexander, A. and Cherrington, R. (2022) “Towards ‘employability 3.0’: from practice to praxis : ”, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (24). doi: 10.47408/jldhe.vi24.874.

Issue

Section

Opinion Pieces