On the use of a personal or neutral tone in written feedback

Authors

Keywords:

written feedback, tone of feedback, style of feedback

Abstract

It is well-known that the emotional response upon receiving feedback can impact how learners incorporate the comments received into their future learning. It is therefore essential that assessors consider the emotional impact of the feedback they provide. One aspect that may influence how the feedback is received is the style and tone of the feedback. This opinion piece introduces the explicit consideration of two styles of written feedback: personal (‘you show’) and neutral (‘the student shows’). Existing literature does not directly examine which (if either) of these styles can be considered as the most effective. I revisit the literature that investigates how the tone and style of feedback relates to the key features of effective feedback. Reflecting on each of the key features, I argue that adopting a personal tone is most natural. I also offer considerations for practice, highlighting that written feedback should be constructive, fair, and understandable, and delivered in a tone that is authentic to the personalities of both the educator and learner, to foster engagement and dialogue.

Author Biography

Rachel Player, Royal Holloway, University of London

Rachel Player is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. Her main research interests are in post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. She was awarded the 2019 Radiant Award for Advancing Internet Security by Internet Security Research Group, and in 2022 received a College Excellence Teaching Commendation. She is the co-author (with Sean Murphy) of Cryptography: a very short introduction, 2nd edition (Oxford University Press, 2025).

References

Ajjawi, R. and Boud, D. (2017) ‘Researching feedback dialogue: an interactional analysis approach’, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(2), pp.252-265. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1102863.

Barnacle, R. and Dall’Alba, G. (2017) ‘Committed to learn: student engagement and care in higher education’, Higher Education Research & Development, 36(7), pp.1326-1338. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1326879.

Boud, D. (1995) ‘Assessment and learning: contradictory or complementary?’, in P. Knight (ed.) Assessment for learning in higher education. London: Kogan Page, pp.35-48.

Briscoe, H., Olson, C. and Prior, M. (2023) ‘Dealing confidently with feedback: the impact of a Grow Your Academic Resilience workshop’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 28, pp.1-25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi28.1019.

Carless, D. and Boud, D. (2018) ‘The development of student feedback literacy: enabling uptake of feedback’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(8), pp.1315-1325. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1463354.

Carless, D. and Winstone, N. (2023) ‘Teacher feedback literacy and its interplay with student feedback literacy’, Teaching in Higher Education, 28(1), pp.150-163. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2020.1782372.

Cho, K. and MacArthur, C. (2010) ‘Student revision with peer and expert reviewing’, Learning and Instruction, 20(4), pp.328-338. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2009.08.006.

Clark, I. (2012) ‘Formative assessment: assessment is for self-regulated learning’, Educational Psychology Review 24, pp.205-249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9191-6.

Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. L. and Ng, K. (2001) ‘Justice in the millennium: a meta‐analytic review of 25 years of organisational justice research’ Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, pp.425-445. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.425.

Dawson P., Henderson M., Mahoney P., Phillips M., Ryan, T., Boud, D. and Molloy, E. (2019) ‘What makes for effective feedback: staff and student perspectives’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(1), pp.25-36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1467877.

Dysthe, O., Lillejord, S. and Wasson, B. (2011) ‘Productive e-feedback in higher education: two models and some critical issues’, in S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund, I Rasmussen and R Säljö (eds.) Learning across sites: new tools, infrastructures and practices. Oxon: Routledge, pp.243-258.

Ferguson, P. (2011) ‘Student perceptions of quality feedback in teacher education’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36(1), pp.51-62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930903197883

Gravett, K., Taylor, C. A. and Fairchild, N. (2021) ‘Pedagogies of mattering: re-conceptualising relational pedagogies in higher education’, Teaching in Higher Education, 29(2), pp.388-403. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1989580.

Grieve, R., Moffitt, R. and Padgett, C. (2018) ‘Student perceptions of marker personality and intelligence: The effect of emoticons in online assignment feedback’, Learning and Individual Differences, 69. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.02.008.

Heron, M., Medland, E., Winstone, N. and Pitt, E. (2023) ‘Developing the relational in teacher feedback literacy: exploring feedback talk’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 48(2), pp.172-185. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1932735.

Holmes, A. G. D. (2023) ‘“I was really upset and it put me off”: the emotional impact of assessment feedback on first-year undergraduate students’, Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 11(2), pp.62-74. Available at: https://doi.org/10.56433/jpaap.v11i2.529.

Ice, P., Curtis, R. and Phillips, P. (2007) ‘Using asynchronous audio feedback to enhance teaching presence and students’ sense of community’, Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 11, pp.3-25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v11i2.1724.

Jones, H., Hoppitt, L., James, H., Prendergast, J., Rutherford, S., Yeoman K. and Young, M. (2012) ‘Exploring students’ initial reactions to the feedback they receive on coursework’, Bioscience Education, 20(1), pp.3-21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11120/beej.2012.20000004.

Jonsson, A. (2013) ‘Facilitating productive use of feedback in higher education’, Active Learning in Higher Education, 14(1), pp.63-76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787412467125.

Kolyda, F. (2023) ‘Fostering a growth mindset in higher education for inclusive learning for all’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi27.929.

Lilly J., Richter M. and Rivera-Macias B. (2010) ‘Using feedback to promote learning: student and tutor perspectives’, Practitioner Research in Higher Education, 4(1) pp.30-40.

Liu, N. F. and Carless, D. (2006) ‘Peer feedback: The learning element of peer assessment’, Teaching in Higher Education, 11, pp.279-290. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562510600680582.

Lizzio, A. and Wilson, K. (2008) ‘Feedback on assessment: students’ perceptions of quality and effectiveness’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(3), pp.263-275. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701292548.

Lunsford, R. (1997) ‘When less is more: principles for responding in the disciplines’, in M. Sorcinelli and P. Elbow (eds), New directions for teaching and learning: Vol 69. Writing to learn: strategies for assigning and responding to writing across the disciplines. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp.91-104.

Mathisen, P. (2012) ‘Video feedback in higher education: a contribution to improving the quality of written feedback’, Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy, 7(2), pp.97-116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18261/ISSN1891-943X-2012-02-02.

Molloy, E., Borrell-Carrió, F. and Epstein, R. (2013) ‘The impact of emotions in feedback’, in D. Boud and E. Molloy (eds) Feedback in higher and professional education: understanding it and doing it well. London: Routledge, pp.50-71.

Nicol, D. J. and Macfarlane‐Dick, D. (2006) ‘Formative assessment and self‐regulated learning: a model and seven principles of good feedback practice’, Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), pp.199-218. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070600572090.

Patrick, C. L. (2011) ‘Student evaluations of teaching: effects of the Big Five personality traits, grades, and the validity hypothesis’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36, pp.239-249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930903308258.

Pokorny, H. and Pickford, P. (2010) ‘Complexity, cues and relationships: student perceptions of feedback’, Active Learning in Higher Education, 11(1), pp.21-30. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787409355872.

Price, M., Handley, K. and Millar, J. (2011) ‘Feedback: focusing attention on engagement’, Studies in Higher Education, 36(8), pp.879-896. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2010.483513.

Ryan, T. and Henderson, M. (2017) ‘Feeling feedback: students’ emotional responses to educator feedback’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(6), pp.880-892. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2017.1416456.

Sadler, D. R. (1989) ‘Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems’, Instructional Science, 18, pp.145-165. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00117714.

Schwartz, H. (2017) ‘Sometimes it’s about more than the paper: assessment as relational practice’, Journal on Excellence in College Teaching, 28, pp.5-28.

Shute, V. J. (2008) ‘Focus on formative feedback’, Review of Educational Research, 78(1), pp.153-189. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654307313795.

Takacs, D. (2003) ‘How does your positionality bias your epistemology?’ Thought and Action, 19, pp.27-38.

van der Sluis, I. and Mellish, C. (2010) ‘Towards empirical evaluation of affective tactical NLG’, Empirical methods in natural language generation, EACL 2009, ENLG 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5790, pp.242-263. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15573-4_13.

Weaver, M. R. (2006) ‘Do students value feedback? Student perceptions of tutors’ written responses’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(3), pp.379-394. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930500353061.

Willingham, D. B. (1990) ‘Effective feedback on written assignments’, Teaching of Psychology, 17(1), pp.10-13. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1701_2

Winstone, N. and Carless, D. (2019) Designing effective feedback processes in higher education: a learning-focused approach. London: Routledge.

Winstone, N. E. and Carless, D. (2021) ‘Who is feedback for? The influence of accountability and quality assurance agendas on the enactment of feedback processes’, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 28(3), pp.261-278. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2021.1926221.

Winstone, N. E., Nash, R. A., Parker, M. and Rowntree, J. (2016) ‘Supporting learners’ agentic engagement with feedback: a systematic review and a taxonomy of recipience processes’, Educational Psychologist, 52(1), pp.17-37. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1207538.

Wood, J. (2021) ‘Making peer feedback work: the contribution of technology mediated dialogic peer feedback to feedback uptake and literacy’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(3), pp.327-346. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1914544.

Zawada, C. (2024) ‘Student drop out and feelings of belonging and mattering in UK undergraduate allied health students’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi31.1172.

Downloads

Published

15-06-2025

How to Cite

Player, R. (2025). On the use of a personal or neutral tone in written feedback. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (36). Retrieved from https://journal.aldinhe.ac.uk/index.php/jldhe/article/view/1377

Issue

Section

Opinion Pieces