First year law students' perceptions on joining university: skills, employment and socio-economic realities in the new higher education landscape

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi36.1373

Keywords:

diversity and inclusion, employability, skills, confidence

Abstract

In recent years, the landscape of higher education has changed due to factors like the massification and marketisation of the sector. This has led to growing pressures on graduate employability and attainment of requisite skills whilst at university. Obtaining law students’ perspectives on these issues has become relevant due to an increasingly diverse student population. This paper explores first year law (FYL) students’ perspectives on why they joined university, their value of certain employability skills, and the wider socio-economic impacts they face at university. The study was conducted in a research-intensive university in the UK. This work analysed quantitative data from questionnaires (n=113) and qualitative data from six focus groups (n=35).

Results indicate, firstly, that law students join university to improve their future career prospects. Secondly, students’ views on the importance of specific employability skills from HE and employer perspectives was found to be misaligned. Finally, the study shows the need to acknowledge the voices of the growing diverse body of FYL students. This paper suggests improving communication among HE, employers, and student representatives to understand better the importance of certain skills, and to support FYL students from non-traditional backgrounds and acknowledge the barriers they face. At an institutional level, open communications with students will enable them to be heard, and inclusive employability activities will help FYL students from non-traditional backgrounds. This could improve the confidence, well-being, and employability of our diverse student body, enabling them to become the employees and citizens they aspired to be when they joined university.

Author Biography

Maribel Canto-Lopez, University of Leicester

Maribel Canto-Lopez is an Associate Professor and Teaching Excellence Lead at the University of Leicester Law School. Her research interests include students’ skills development, inclusive and diverse assessments strategies, TEF and teachers’ voices and digital poverty in higher education

References

Alexander, J. (2023) ‘Modelling employability through clinical legal education: building confidence and professional identity’, The Law Teacher, 57(2), pp.135-154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2023.2179306

Ashley, L. and Empson, L. (2013) ‘Differentiation and discrimination: understanding social class and social exclusion in leading law firms’, Human Relations, 66(2), pp.219-244. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726712455833

Balan, A. (2024) ‘Cultural diversity and widening participation: enhancement of teaching and feedback practices for law students from a diverse range of backgrounds’, The Law Teacher, 58(3), pp.327-349. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2024.2381315

Balloo, K., Pauli, R. and Worrell, M. (2017) ‘Undergraduates’ personal circumstances, expectations and reasons for attending university’, Studies in Higher Education, 48(2), pp.1373-1384. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1099623

Boliver, V. (2011) ‘Expansion, differentiation and the persistence of social class inequalities in British higher education’, Higher Education, 61(3), pp.229-242. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9374-y

Bourner, J., Hughes, M. and Bourner, T. (2001) ‘First-year undergraduate experiences of group project work’, Assessment and Evaluation in H.E, 26(1), pp.19-39. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930020022264

Bradley, A. and Quigley, M. (2023) ‘Governments harnessing the power of data to get “value for money”: a simulation study of England’s Office for Students B3 Proceed Metric’, Studies in Higher Education, 48(8), pp.1289-1302. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2196292

Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006) ‘Using thematic analysis in psychology’, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), pp.77-101. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brooman, S. and Stirk, S. (2020) ‘Who am I? Using reflective practice and self-determination to redefine “employability” in legal education’, Liverpool Law Review, 41(1), pp.79-98. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10991-020-09240-5

Cartwright, N. (2020) ‘“Why is it my problem if they don’t take part?” The (non) role of white academics in decolonising the law school’, The Law Teacher, 54 (4) pp. 532-546. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2020.1827831

Chatterjee, B. (2023) ‘Access to business attire as a widening participation issue in UK law schools’, The Law Teacher, 57(4), pp.493-512. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2023.2278967

Childs, P., Firth, N. and de Rijke, N. (2014) ‘The gap between Law student career aspirations and employment opportunities’, The Law Teacher, 48(1), pp.51-68. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2013.875302

Christie, H., Cree, V. E., Mullins, E. and Tett, L. (2018) ‘“University opened up so many doors for me”: the personal and professional development of graduates from non-traditional backgrounds’, Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), pp.1938-1948. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1294577

Clarke, M. (2018) ‘Rethinking graduate employability: the role of capital, individual attributes and context’, Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), pp.1923-1937. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1294152

Comunian, R., Jewell, S., Sunmoni, A. and Dent, T. (2023) ‘For what it’s worth: European Arts & Humanities graduates’ employability and their engagement in society’, Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 22(2), pp.211-232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/14740222231156892

Culliney, M. (2020) ‘Personal contacts, employment and social mobility in Britain’, Journal of Education and Work, 33(2), pp.115-128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2020.1722987

Dauber, D. and Spencer-Oatey, H. (2023) ‘Global communication skills: contextual factors fostering their development at internationalised Higher Education Institutions’, Studies in Higher Education, 48(7), pp.1082-1096. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2182874

Deem, R. and Brehony, K. (2005) ‘Management as ideology: the case of “new managerialism” in Higher Education’, Oxford Review of Education, 31(2), pp.217, 233. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980500117827

Denscombe, M. (2021) The good research guide: research methods for small-scale social research projects. 7th edn. Oxford: OUP.

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2011) Higher Education. Students at the heart of the system. London: Innovation and Skills. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a79900ce5274a684690a79c/11-944-higher-education-students-at-heart-of-system.pdf (Accessed: 10 August 2024).

Dickinson, J. (2023) ‘Students are missing classes, deadlines, meals and friends to keep the economy going’, Wonkhe 6 March. Available at: https://wonkhe.com/wonk-corner/students-are-missing-classes-deadlines-meals-and-friends-to-keep-the-economy-going/ (Accessed: 15 August 2024).

Donald, W., Baruch, Y. and Ashleigh, M. (2019) ‘The undergraduate self-perception of employability, human capital, careers advice, and career ownership’, Studies in Higher Education, 44(4), pp.599-614. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1387107

Evans, C., Rees, G., Taylor, C. and Fox, S. (2021) ‘A liberal higher education for all? The massification of higher education and its implications for graduates’ participation in civil society’, Higher Education, 81(3), pp. 521-535. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00554-x

Francis, A. (2015) ‘Legal education, social mobility, and employability: possible selves, curriculum intervention, and the role of legal work experience’, Journal of Law and Society, 42(2), pp.173-201. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2015.00704.x

Frankham, J. (2017) ‘Employability and Higher Education: the follies of the ‘Productivity Challenge’ in the Teaching Excellence Framework’, Journal of Education Policy, 32(5), pp.628-64. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1268271

Giroux, H. (2002) ‘Neoliberalism, corporate culture and the promise of Higher Education: the university as a democratic public sphere’, Harvard Educational Review, 72(4), pp.425-463. Available at: https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.4.0515nr62324n71p1

Guth, J. (2020) ‘The past and future of legal skills in English law schools’, in Jones, E. and Cownie, F. (eds.) Key directions in legal education. Routledge, pp.180-193.

Guth, J. and Dutton, K. (2018) ‘SQE-ezed out: SRA, status and stasis’, The Law Teacher, 52(4), pp.425-438. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2018.1534341

Healy, M. (2023) ‘Careers and employability learning: pedagogical principles for higher education’, Studies in Higher Education, 48(8), pp.1303-1314. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2196997

Hinchliffe, G. W. and Jolly, A. (2011) ‘Graduate employability and identity’, British Educational Research Journal, 37(4), pp.563-584. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.482200

Holmes, L. (2013) ‘Competing perspectives on graduate employability: possession, position or process?’ Studies in Higher Education, 38(4), pp.538-554. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.587140

Ibrahim, A., Kelly, S. and Glazebrook, C. (2013) ‘A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students’, Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), pp.391-400. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015

Jackson, D. (2016) ‘Re-conceptualising graduate employability: importance of pre-professional identity’, Higher Education Research & Development, 35(5), pp.925-939. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1139551

Jackson, D. and Cook, E. J. (2024) ‘Work-integrated learning in the humanities, arts and social sciences: where to from here?’, Studies in Higher Education, pp. 1-20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2409879

Loveday, V. (2015) ‘Working-class participation, Middle-Class aspiration? Value, upward mobility and symbolise indebtedness in Higher Education’, Sociological Review, 63(3), pp.570-588. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.12167

Manstead, A. (2018) ‘The psychology of social class: how socioeconomic status impact thought, feelings and behaviour’, British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(2), pp.267-291. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12251

Morgan, D. (1988) Focus Groups as Qualitative Research. London: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984287

Morrison, D. and Guth, J. (2021) ‘Rethinking the neoliberal university: embracing vulnerability in English law schools?’, The Law Teacher, 55(1), pp.42-56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2021.1872867

Moxey, M. and Simpkin, E. (2021) ‘Harnessing the potential of extracurricular opportunities to enhance graduate employability in higher education’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 21, pp.1-22. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi21.631

Nulty, D. (2008) ‘The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: what can be done’, Assessment & Evaluation in HE, 33(3), pp.301-314. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602930701293231

Papastephanou, M. and Angeli, C. (2007) ‘Critical thinking beyond skill’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 39(6), pp.604-621. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2007.00311.x

Prokou, E. (2008) ‘The emphasis on employability and the changing role of university in Europe’, Higher Education in Europe, 33(4), pp.387-394. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03797720802522593

Sherwood, G. and Johnson, I. (2024) ‘Exploring the engagement of students who identify as Black, Indigenous (and/or) People of Colour (BIPoC) with learning development practitioners: reviewing the value, impact, and recommendations for future practice’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 31, pp.1-29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi31.1169

Sim, J. and Waterfield, J. (2019) ‘Focus group methodology: some ethical challenges’, Quality and Quantity, 53, pp.3003-3022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00914-5

SRA (Solicitors Regulation Authority) (2023) The factors influencing differences in outcomes by ethnicity in legal professional assessments: a systematic literature review. Available at: https://www.sra.org.uk/sra/research-publications/ethnicity-attainment-gap-legal-professional-assessments/ (Accessed: 29 December 2024).

Succi, C. and Canovi, M. (2020) ‘Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing students and employers’ perception’, Studies in Higher Education, 45(9), pp.1834-1847. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1585420

Tomlinson, M. (2012) ‘Graduate employability: a review of conceptual and empirical themes’, Higher Education Policy, 25, pp.407-431. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1057/hep.2011.26

Trow, M. A. (2005) ‘Reflections on the transition from elite to mass to universal access: forms and phases of higher education in modern societies since WWII’, in Forest, J. J. F. and Altbach, P. G. (eds.) International handbook of higher education. Springer, pp.243-280. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4012-2_13

Turner, J., Bone, A. and Ashton, J. (2018) ‘Reasons why law students should have access to learning law through a skills-based approach’, The Law Teacher, 52(1), pp.1-16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2016.1201739

Tymon, A. (2013) ‘The student perspective on employability’, Studies in Higher Education, 38(6), pp.841-856. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.604408

Veld, M., Semeijn, J. and Vuuren, T.v. (2015) ‘Enhancing perceived employability: an interactionist perspective on responsibilities of organizations and employees’, Personnel Review, 44(6), pp.866–882. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2014-0100

Wheeler, S. (2013) ‘“Dangerously, outrageously, elitist” – a solution to Law graduate unemployment’, Journal of Law and Society’, 40(4), pp.670-680. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6478.2013.00645.x

Downloads

Published

15-06-2025

How to Cite

Canto-Lopez, M. (2025). First year law students’ perceptions on joining university: skills, employment and socio-economic realities in the new higher education landscape. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (36). https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi36.1373

Issue

Section

Papers