Developing a conceptual framework for Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy in higher education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi31.1354Keywords:
AI literacy, AI literacy conceptual framework, AI learning activities, higher educationAbstract
This paper proposes a conceptual framework for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the curriculum. It builds on previous conceptual papers, which provided initial suggestions on integrating AI into teaching. The approach to developing the conceptual framework includes drawing on existing frameworks, AI literature, and case studies from the Queen Mary University of London President and Principal, an AI literacy-funded project. The opinion piece aims to advance our thinking on creating a teaching and learning toolkit to support educators in integrating AI into their teaching, enhancing students’ AI literacy and skills. This paper has two main objectives: first, it develops an AI literacy conceptual framework to support educators in integrating AI into their teaching, and second, it provides suggestions on how to engage with it.
References
Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, E. J., Hill, W. H. and Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) The classification of educational goals, handbook I: Cognitive domain. New York: David McKay.
Celik, I. (2023) ‘Towards Intelligent-TPACK: an empirical study on teachers’ professional knowledge to ethically integrate artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools into education’, Computers in Human Behavior, 138, p.107468. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107468
da Silva, J. (2024) ‘Shares drop in US and Asia as AI stocks slide’, BBC, 25 July. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ck5gp185n6ro (Accessed: 10 Sep 2024).
Deloitte (2023) Generative AI and the future of work the potential? Boundless. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/human-capital/Deloitte_GenAI-Future-of-Work.pdf (Accessed: 09 May 2024).
The European Commission (2022) Ethical guidelines on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data in teaching and learning for educators. Available at: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/153756 (Accessed: 06 Sep 2024).
Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Zheng, R., Cai, J., Siau, K. and Chen, L. (2023) ‘Generative AI and ChatGPT: applications, challenges, and AI-human collaboration’, Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 25(3), 277-304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2023.2233814
Kong, S. C., Cheung, M. Y. W. and Tsang, O. (2024) ‘Developing an artificial intelligence literacy framework: evaluation of a literacy course for senior secondary students using a project-based learning approach’, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100214
Laupichler, M. C., Aster, A., Schirch, J. and Raupach, T. (2022) ‘Artificial intelligence literacy in higher and adult education: a scoping literature review’, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100101. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100101
Lodge, J. M., de Barba, P. and Broadbent, J. (2023) ‘Learning with generative artificial intelligence within a network of co-regulation’, Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 20(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.7.02
McKinsey (2023). The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier (Accessed: 09 May 2024).
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Chu, S. K. W. and Qiao, M. S. (2021) ‘Conceptualising AI literacy: an exploratory review’, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, p.100041. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100041
Ng, D. T. K., Leung, J. K. L., Su, J., Ng, R. C. W. and Chu, S. K. W. (2023) ‘Teachers’ AI digital competencies and twenty-first century skills in the post-pandemic world’, Education Tech Research Dev, 71, pp.137-161. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-023-10203-6
O’Dea, X. C. and O’Dea, M. (2023) ‘Is artificial intelligence really the next big thing in learning and teaching in higher education? A conceptual paper,’ Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(5). Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol20/iss5/
Okemwa, K. (2024) ‘Microsoft says most company execs won’t hire anyone without an AI aptitude, prompting “a 142x increase in LinkedIn members adding AI skills like Copilot and ChatGPT to their profiles’, Yahoo Tech, May 8. Available at: https://www.yahoo.com/tech/microsoft-says-most-company-execs-120001709.html?guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAE28e-Q2CCeEuEe-RILKjNcQ7NYZjxxGR-1BT1wiRPZ6F5vZ0L16s9JA-QhVLpj3dWDcgoi3ZhwJkPhOAakRz-CwIf97DIbZNaGZCYIgAeAai5YUd0tVz3oOVATJRUnu4Fd9gcoIEo4c6RmYrEfOcqqzXf8MSs_o2B95Ted4nh3n (Accessed: 10 May 2024).
Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Robin, M., de Oliveira Santini, F., Ladeira, W. J., Sun, M., Day, I., et al. (2023) ‘The role of ChatGPT in higher education: benefits, challenges, and future research directions’, Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1). Available at: 787-Article Text-3375-1-10-20230510
Sabzalieva, E. and Valentini, A. (2023) ‘ChatGPT and artificial intelligence in higher education: quick start guide’, UNESCO’s International Institute for Educational Planning. Available at: https://etico.iiep.unesco.org/en/chatgpt-and-artificial-intelligence-higher-education-quick-start-guide (Accessed: 05 Jun 2024).
Segal, E. (2024) ‘AI adds to the workload and stress of employees, report says’, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/edwardsegal/2024/07/23/ai-adds-to-the-workload-and-stress-of-employees-report-says/#:~:text=The%20survey%20for%20the%20Upwork,or%20moderating%20AI%2Dgenerated%20content (Accessed: 23 Sep 2024).
Schofield, L. and Zhou, X. (2024) ‘Practical examples of integrating generative AI into the learning activities of the capstone project module’, BERA blog. Available at: https://www.bera.ac.uk/blog/practical-examples-of-integrating-generative-ai-into-the-learning-activities-of-the-capstone-project-module. (Accessed: 23 Sep 2024).
Southworth, J., Migliaccio, K., Glover, J., Glover, J., Reed, D., McCarty, C., Brendemuhl, J. and Thomas, A. (2023) ‘Developing a model for AI Across the curriculum: transforming the higher education landscape via innovation in AI literacy’, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, p.100127. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100127
World Economic Forum (2024) Reskilling revolution: preparing 1 billion people for tomorrow’s economy. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/impact/reskilling-revolution-reaching-600-million-people-by-2030/ (Accessed: 09 May 2024).
Zhou, X. and Schofield, L. (2024) ‘Using social learning theories to explore the role of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) in collaborative learning’, Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi30.1031
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).