Exploring student assessment literacy: how undergraduate students actualise and transform their assessment strategies

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi39.1798

Keywords:

student assessment literacy, student autonomy, self-regulation, feedback literacy

Abstract

Research on student assessment literacy (SAL) has explored several points of interest, from broad conceptualisations of what SAL entails to developing SAL interventions and evaluating the overall benefits of SAL.  There has been limited SAL research, however, from the student perspective, and how SAL actualises and transforms throughout the student lifecycle.   Through the narratives of 22 final year undergraduate students in northern England, the present study explored SAL by focusing on student strategies in completing written coursework assessments. The context of coursework assessment provided insight into assessment practices during the interval from the issuing of the assessment to submission, and the increasing stakes of university assessments from first to final year. Assessment strategies undertaken to complete coursework showcased how students perceive best practice in relation to (1) coursework preparation, (2) engaging with support and (3) engaging with feedback. Findings highlight the need to centre student identity in relation to SAL actualisation and transformation, given that participants negotiated various stakes involved in university assessments, in relation to their unique learner identities.   Some participants exhibited minimal SAL transformation but high levels of actualisation, while others transform in relation to high-stakes assessment and are selective in the degree of actualisation. All methods of SAL actualisation and transformation stem in part from students’ pre-university experiences.

Author Biographies

Mohammed Bilal Nazir, Leeds Beckett University

Mohammed Bilal Nazir is a Lecturer in Education at Leeds Beckett University (LBU), School of Education, specialising in the study of race and education, with a particular focus on tertiary education. Before his role at LBU he was a Lecturer in Lifelong Learning at the University of Huddersfield, where he also received his PhD exploring curricula and their impact on the ethnic awarding gap. Bilal’s work addresses key challenges faced by students from underrepresented communities as they negotiate culture, education, and belonging.

Kate Johnson, Leeds Beckett University

Kate Johnson is a Lecturer in Education at Leeds Becket University, School of Education. Her doctoral research focuses on motor competence and movement development, examining their relationship with educational attainment. She has professional teaching experience across Early Years, Primary, and Secondary educational contexts. Kate’s pedagogical practice is informed by collaborative and inclusive principles, with a commitment to ensuring student voice and providing flexible learning and assessment approaches that accommodate diverse learner needs.

John Greenhalgh, Leeds Beckett University

 John Greenhalgh is a Senior Lecturer and Partnership Lead at Leeds Beckett University, School of Education, nurturing strategic partnerships with a range of schools and trusts in the Yorkshire area. He is an A-level Lead Examiner and Lead Assessment writer, developing specifications and training new examiners and teachers. He has over 23 years’ experience in education, having taught and been Head of Department in both the state and private education sectors. John is currently undertaking his PHD exploring the broad impact of assessment design. 

Louise Aston, Leeds Beckett University

Louise Aston is an Early Years and Childhood specialist based at Leeds Beckett University, School of Education. She lectures and supervises across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes within interdisciplinary studies. Her work focuses on play, enquiry, and high-quality early years provision. She has a particular interest in inclusive education for children with additional needs and is currently undertaking doctoral research in SEND. Louise draws on extensive professional experience across the early years and primary phases, supporting students’ development of professional practice in developing partnerships with children and families.

Nici Pedley, Leeds Beckett University

Nici Pedley is a Senior Lecturer in Physical Education at Leeds Beckett University, School of Education. Nici's research interests include social justice and inclusive education with a particular focus on barriers to participation in Physical Education. She is currently involved in research on curriculum design and concept mapping in Primary and Secondary PE. Nici is also a lead mentor and trains other lead mentors in supporting trainee teachers.

References

Andrews, M., Brown, R. and Mesher, L. (2018) ‘Engaging Students with Assessment and Feedback: Improving assessment for learning with students as partners’, Practitioner Research in Higher Education, 11(1), pp. 32–46.

Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2021) ‘To saturate or not to saturate? Questioning data saturation as a useful concept for thematic analysis and sample-size rationales’, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 13(2), pp. 201–216. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1704846.

Chan, C.K.Y. and Luo, J. (2021) ‘A four-dimensional conceptual framework for student assessment literacy in holistic competency development’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 46(3), pp. 451–466. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1777388.

Clandinin, J.D. (2014) Full details and actions for Handbook of narrative inquiry: mapping a methodology. Available at: https://www-vlebooks-com.leedsbeckett.idm.oclc.org/Product/Index/947180?page=0&startBookmarkId=-1 (Accessed: 3 May 2025).

Coghlan, D. (2019) Doing action research in your own organization. Fifth edition. London: SAGE.

Cottrell, S. (2024) The study skills handbook. Sixth edition. London: Bloomsbury Academic (Bloomsbury study skills).

Deeley, S.J. and Bovill, C. (2017) ‘Staff student partnership in assessment: enhancing assessment literacy through democratic practices’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(3), pp. 463–477. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1126551.

Deneen, C.C. and Hoo, H.-T. (2023) ‘Connecting teacher and student assessment literacy with self-evaluation and peer feedback’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 48(2), pp. 214–226. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1967284.

Eichsteller, M. (2019) ‘There is more than one way – a study of mixed analytical methods in biographical narrative research’, Contemporary Social Science, 14(3–4), pp. 447–462. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1417626.

Gibbs, G. and Lucas, L. (1997) ‘Coursework Assessment, Class Size and Student Performance: 1984‐94’, Journal of Further and Higher Education, 21(2), pp. 183–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877970210204.

Goodall, A. (2012) ‘Students: make your first year count’, The Guardian, 21 May. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/mortarboard/2012/may/21/first-year-university (Accessed: 25 October 2025).

Hannigan, C., Alonzo, D. and Oo, C.Z. (2022) ‘Student assessment literacy: indicators and domains from the literature’, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 29(4), pp. 482–504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2022.2121911.

Kartch, F. (2017) ‘Narrative Interviewing’, in The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc, pp. 1073–1075. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411.

King, N., Horrocks, C. and Brooks, J. (2019) Interviews in qualitative research. Second edition. Los Angeles: Sage.

Knight, S. and Ferrell, G. (2022) Assessment and feedback higher education landscape review: survey outcomes - Jisc. Available at: https://beta.jisc.ac.uk/reports/assessment-and-feedback-higher-education-landscape-review-survey-outcomes (Accessed: 26 December 2024).

Lambert, S., Funk, J. and Taskeen, A. (2023) ‘What can Decolonisation of Curriculum Tell Us About Inclusive Assessment’, in R. Ajjawi, J. Tai, D. Boud, and T. Jorre De St Jorre, Assessment for Inclusion in Higher Education: Promoting Equity and Social Justice in Assessment. 1st edn. London: Routledge, pp. 52–62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003293101.

Levi, T. and Inbar-Lourie, O. (2020) ‘Assessment Literacy or Language Assessment Literacy: Learning from the Teachers’, Language Assessment Quarterly, 17(2), pp. 168–182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2019.1692347.

Maclean, L. (2019) ‘3. The Power of the Interviewer’, in L. Mosley (ed.) Interview Research in Political Science. Cornell University Press, pp. 67–83. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7591/9780801467974-006.

Medina-Gual, L. and Monereo, C. (no date) ‘Self-Positions in student teachers’ perceptions of assessment’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 0(0), pp. 1–11. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2025.2452344.

Meijer, H., Hoekstra ,Rink, Brouwer ,Jasperina and and Strijbos, J.-W. (2020) ‘Unfolding collaborative learning assessment literacy: a reflection on current assessment methods in higher education’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(8), pp. 1222–1240. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2020.1729696.

O’Donovan, B. (2016) ‘How student beliefs about knowledge and knowing influence their satisfaction with assessment and feedback’, Higher Education, 74(4), pp. 617–633. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0068-y.

O’Donovan, B., Price, M. and Rust, C. (2001) ‘The Student Experience of Criterion-Referenced Assessment (Through the Introduction of a Common Criteria Assessment Grid)’, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 38(1), pp. 74–85. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/147032901300002873.

Orsmond, P. and Merry, S. (2013) ‘The importance of self-assessment in students’ use of tutors’ feedback: a qualitative study of high and non-high achieving biology undergraduates’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(6), pp. 737–753. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2012.697868.

Office for Students. (2022) Next steps in access and participation - Office for Students. Office for Students. Available at: https://www.officeforstudents.org.uk/ (Accessed: 13 July 2025).

Pastore, S. and Andrade, H.L. (2019) ‘Teacher assessment literacy: A three-dimensional model’, Teaching and Teacher Education, 84, pp. 128–138. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.05.003.

Pereira, D., Flores, M.A. and Niklasson, L. (2016) ‘Assessment revisited: a review of research in Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), pp. 1008–1032. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1055233.

Price, M., Rust, C., O’Donovan, K. and Bryant, R. (2012) Assessment literacy: the foundation for improving student learning. Oxford: ASKe, Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development.

Riessman, C.K. (2008) Narrative methods for the human sciences. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

Rovagnati, V., Pitt ,Edd and and Winstone, N. (2022) ‘Feedback cultures, histories and literacies: international postgraduate students’ experiences’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 47(3), pp. 347–359. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2021.1916431.

Rowsell, J. (2025) Assessments face ‘standardisation’ as cuts hit academic workload, Times Higher Education (THE). Available at: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/assessments-face-standardisation-cuts-hit-academic-workload (Accessed: 19 March 2025).

Smith, B. (2018) ‘Generalizability in qualitative research: misunderstandings, opportunities and recommendations for the sport and exercise sciences’, Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 10(1), pp. 137–149. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2017.1393221.

Smith, C.D., Worsfold, K., Davies, L., Fisher, R. and McPhail, R. (2013) ‘Assessment literacy and student learning: the case for explicitly developing students “assessment literacy”’, Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(1), pp. 44–60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2011.598636.

Stiggins, R.J. (1991) ‘Assessment Literacy’, The Phi Delta Kappan, 72(7), pp. 534–539.

Universities UK. (2022) Closing ethnicity awarding gaps: three years on. Available at: https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/what-we-do/policy-and-research/publications/features/closing-gap-three-years (Accessed 15 October 2025).

Urhahne, D. and Wijnia, L. (2023) ‘Theories of Motivation in Education: an Integrative Framework’, Educational Psychology Review, 35(2), p. 45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09767-9.

Winstone, N.E., Nash, R.A., Parker, M. and Rowntree, J. (2017a) ‘Supporting Learners’ Agentic Engagement With Feedback: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes’, Educational Psychologist, 52(1), pp. 17–37. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1207538.

Winstone, N.E., Nash, R.A., Rowntree, J. and Parker, M. (2017b) ‘“It’d be useful, but I wouldn’t use it”: barriers to university students’ feedback seeking and recipience’, Studies in Higher Education, 42(11), pp. 2026–2041. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1130032.

Xu, J., Zhang, S. and Chen, H. (2024) ‘The impact of teacher autonomy support on students’ assessment literacy: The chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and critical reflection’, Heliyon, 10(14), p. e34616. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34616.

Zhu, X. and Evans, C. (2024) ‘Enhancing the development and understanding of assessment literacy in higher education’, European Journal of Higher Education, 14(1), pp. 80–100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2022.2118149.

Downloads

Published

27-03-2026

How to Cite

Nazir, M. B., Johnson, K., Greenhalgh, J., Aston, L., & Pedley, N. (2026). Exploring student assessment literacy: how undergraduate students actualise and transform their assessment strategies. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, (39). https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi39.1798

Issue

Section

Papers